プライバシーだけでなく、財務的な安全性も：ミックスネットは、あなたとあなたの暗号資産をどのように保護できるのでしょうか？

ヴィタリック・ブテリン氏によるL1プライバシー保護のロードマップが意味すること、そしてNymがどのようにソリューションを構築したか

2025年4月11日7 mines read

本日、イーサリアムの共同創設者であるヴィタリック・ブテリン氏が、ロードマップという形でWeb3に衝撃的な発表を行いました。これは、イーサリアムにL1レベルのプライバシー保護を導入する計画です。重要な点として、ヴィタリック氏は、これを実現するためにミックスネット技術を追加する可能性について明示的に言及しています。

これを読んでいる方は、NymがWeb3全体において、このようなメタデータ保護を強力に推進していることをご存じでしょう。また、NymはL0ソリューションも構築しました。これは、あらゆるWebトラフィックに対応する、世界初かつ実用可能なグローバルなミックスネットです。 It’s even more than both a VPN and mixnet: we call it a Noise Generating Mixnet (NGM).

ここでは、ヴィタリックのロードマップがWeb3にとってどのような意味を持つのか、そして、暗号資産の世界を初めて、そしてついにプライベートなものにするための、おそらくこれまでで最大規模の動きの一つにおいて、Nymプロジェクトがどのような役割を果たすのかについて解説します。

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Web3’s data privacy problem

Few Web3 infrastructures actually have built-in data protections, especially not against the now omnipresent AI surveillance systems tracking people’s metadata. Nymが最近Cointelegraphで報告したように、これにより、ウォレットに関連付けられたアドレス、パブリックチェーンの取引記録、金融関連の連絡先など、機密情報が監視の対象となってしまいます。

NymのCEOであるハリー・ハルピン氏と、研究責任者のアニア・ピオトロフスカ氏 2022年にすでに指摘済みが指摘しているように、ビットコインのような暗号資産は、匿名の決済手段であるという一般的な認識とは裏腹に、極めて追跡しやすいものです：

「[T]ビットコインの取引台帳の公開性 [...] means anyone can observe the flow of coins. [P]seudonymous addresses do not provide any meaningful level of anonymity, since anyone can harvest the counterparty addresses of any given transaction and reconstruct the chain of transactions.”

What quickly follows from the surveillance of crypto are the financial risks of hacking, theft, phishing scams, and censorship for people worldwide. Web3における金融サイバー犯罪は、依然として10億ドル規模の産業となっています。 And with AI technology becoming more sophisticated, cheaper, and widely distributed, these surveillance capacities are growing in turn.

Vitalik’s plan

Vitalik’s roadmap outlines 9 key procedures for improving data privacy and security for Ethereum users. These underscore the importance of paying attention to metadata. Here’s Nym’s summary of each point:

Introducing privacy protections directly to wallets themselves to protect information like balances from being exposed.
Decentralizing addresses between apps so that surveillance of your activity across different platforms becomes more difficult.
For the “one address per app” model to function effectively, Ethereum requires private transfers between addresses controlled by the same person.
Right now, private transactions often need centralized servers to broadcast them, which creates a censorship risk. By adding FOCIL alongside EIP-7701, privacy tools like Tornado and Privacy Pools can operate without these relays – making them more decentralized, censorship-resistant, and easier to maintain.
Use of trusted hardware (or trusted executive environments, TEEs) in Remote Procedure Call (RPC) nodes can ensure that the latter are not collecting people’s data. But this is just an intermediate step since TEEs rely on hardware trust and have limitations.
In the long run, Ethereum envisions replacing TEEs with Private Information Retrieval (PIR), a cryptographic technique that allows you to query data from a server without revealing which data is being requested. However, right now, PIR is still too slow for large-scale datasets.
Ethereum thinks that wallets should use multiple RPC nodes, ideally one per dApp, with routing connections through mixnets to hide metadata as a good possibility. Every time your wallet talks to the blockchain, it can leak metadata, like which dApp you’re using and when. Using different RPCs per dApp makes tracking the individual wallet across different activities harder. However, to prevent metadata tracking, the connection from the wallet to the RPC node should be routed through a mixnet, like it could with Nym.
Use proof aggregation so that multiple privacy transactions can share one on-chain proof, reducing gas costs. By bundling many private actions into one proof, private transactions can be cheaper and more efficient.
Develop wallet systems that let users change their security setup without revealing or linking their private notes. This would allow users to upgrade their account's verification logic in a single transaction, while automatically updating all their private assets across L1 and L2, without publicly linking them.

Mixnet as an anonymization layer

In proposal 7, Vitalik proposes using a mixnet as a protection layer. But how would a mixnet work to protect personal data made available on a decentralized system like a blockchain? The short answer: it scrambles all your metadata so surveillance of it is close to futile.

Whenever you connect with your wallet and make a transaction, the data will be first transmitted through a 5-hop network. Along the way, many anonymized data packets for a single transmission are shuffled together with other traffic flows on the network. With the Nym Noise Generating Mixnet, anonymity is also greatly enhanced by added “noise” like cover traffic.

This means that your true IP address and that of your transacting partner, as well as other metadata about the traffic, can never be linked together. There’s simply too much intermediary noise for patterns to be discovered, even by the best AI systems.

“The state of capture is already here. Machine learning is feeding off our data. Instead of leaving people’s data there unprotected, Web3 and anonymity systems can make sure that what ends up in the teeth of AI is effectively garbage.”

Learn how exactly Nym’s NGM works, and why you might need it.

Nym's Noise Generating Mixnet

What’s the difference between L1 and L0 anonymity protections?

Vitalik’s proposition for L1 protections would happen at the app and chain level. A L0 anonymity layer, by contrast, could be integrated into any chain, app, or system to provide privacy protections for all traffic happening there. This assumes that some latency is tolerated as it could be with many crypto transactions and personal communications.

The advantage? Nym’s L0 mixnet is already built and up-and-running! Try it today whether you’re an Ethereum and crypto user, want to explore the web anonymously, fight surveillance capitalism, or simply want the metadata parasites off your back for once.

The future of mixnets is here

It is great news that Web3 thinkers and builders like Vitalik are making concrete plans to address one of the core and unresolved problems of Web3: metadata leakage. If metadata protections are not in place, then Web3 is heading for a data crisis of its own making.

重要な兆候は、もともとWeb 1で開発されたミックスネットが、よりプライバシーが保護され、安全なインターネットへの道筋として、本来あるべき評価を得つつあることです。 The stakes couldn’t be higher as AI technology is dramatically changing the power of surveillance systems. Nym knows that privacy-defending technology needs to keep pace.

But there’s no need to wait for roadmaps and plans: protect not only your wallet, but all of your web traffic today with NymVPN, the world’s first Noise Generating Mixnet: it’s a mixnet right in your hands, for all your devices. But what’s clear is that the way to a private web will be technologically cooperative. In the end, multiple tools together are needed for Web3 to succeed. Let’s build the connections.

Try NymVPN for free today

Protect your crypto: FAQs

Vitalik’s vision for privacy layers on Ethereum (L1) dovetails with Nym’s existing L0 mixnet infrastructure, enabling metadata-resistant communication even before chain-level protocols advance.

Unlike contract-level privacy tools, Nym anonymizes transaction metadata (IP addresses, timing, routing) by mixing underlying P2P communication through layered routing protocols.

Yes—validators and DAO contributors can route governance or staking actions through Nym to hide their metadata, enhancing privacy in decentralized governance contexts.

Encrypting transaction contents protects confidentiality—but mixing metadata prevents deanonymization through network-level observation, which Nym’s Noise Generating Mixnet offers.

Nym is positioned not only as a VPN or mixnet, but as infrastructure that supports web3 privacy frameworks. It aims to bridge Vitalik’s roadmap with deployable technology today.

About the authors

Casey Ford, PhD

Communications Lead

Caseyは、Nymのコミュニケーション責任者、主任ライター、および編集レビュー担当を務めています。 He holds a PhD in Philosophy and researches the intersection of decentralized technologies and social life.

接続を分析しています...

IPアドレスを確認中...

プライバシーだけでなく、財務的な安全性も：ミックスネットは、あなたとあなたの暗号資産をどのように保護できるのでしょうか？

共有

Web3’s data privacy problem

Vitalik’s plan

Mixnet as an anonymization layer

What’s the difference between L1 and L0 anonymity protections?

The future of mixnets is here

Protect your crypto: FAQs

About the authors

目次

Web3’s data privacy problem

Vitalik’s plan

Mixnet as an anonymization layer

接続を分析しています...

IPアドレスを確認中...

プライバシーだけでなく、財務的な安全性も：ミックスネットは、あなたとあなたの暗号資産をどのように保護できるのでしょうか？

共有

Web3’s data privacy problem

Vitalik’s plan

Mixnet as an anonymization layer

What’s the difference between L1 and L0 anonymity protections?

The future of mixnets is here

Protect your crypto: FAQs

How does Vitalik Buterin’s L1 privacy roadmap relate to Nym’s mixnet solution?

What anonymity benefits does Nym offer for crypto transactions not provided by smart contracts?

Can validator nodes use Nym to mask staking or governance messages?

How significant is mixing Web3 communications compared to just encrypting them?

How does this blog frame Nym’s role in the future of crypto privacy?

About the authors

目次

Web3’s data privacy problem

Vitalik’s plan

Mixnet as an anonymization layer